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Suttantapiṭake
Majjhimanikāyo
Majjhimapaṇṇāsako
1. Gahapati vaggo
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.
2.1.3.
53 Sekha suttaṃ
Evaṃ me sutaṃ ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ navaṃ santhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ hoti anajjhāvutthaṃ1 samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena. Atha kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ: idha bhante kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ navaṃ santhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ2 anajjhāvutthaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena, taṃ bhante bhagavā paṭhamaṃ paribhuñjatu, bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ paribhuttaṃ pacchā kāpilavatthavā sakyā paribhuñjissanti. Tadassa kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya [PTS Page 354] [\q 354/] sukhāyā’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
Atha kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena santhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ santhāgāraṃ santharitvā āsanāni paññāpetvā udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā3 telappadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ: sabbasanthariṃ santhataṃ bhante santhāgāraṃ āsanāni paññattāni, udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito,4 telappadīpo āropito, yassadāni bhante bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī’ti. Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaraṃ ādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena santhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi, bhikkhu saṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi bhagavantaṃ yeva purakkhatvā. Kāpilavatthavā pi kho sakyā pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchāmukhā6 nisīdiṃsu bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Atha kho bhagavā kāpilavatthave sakye bahudevarattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi: paṭibhātu taṃ ānanda kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ sekho pāṭipado7 piṭṭhimme8 āgilāyati. Tamahaṃ āyamissāmīti. Evaṃ bhanteti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpetvā dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappesi pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasikaritvā.
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1. Anajjhāvuṭṭhapubbaṃ - syā. Anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ - machasaṃ. 2. Acirakāritaṃ hoti-syā. 3. Upaṭṭhapetvā-machasaṃ. 4. Upaṭṭhāpito-machasaṃ. 5. Navaṃ santhāgāraṃ - machasaṃ. 6. Pacchimābhimukhā-machasaṃ 7. Paṭipado-syā 8. Piṭṭhi me-machasaṃ,syā.
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Atha kho āyasmā ānando mahānāmaṃ sakyaṃ āmantesi. Idha mahānāma ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti. Indriyesu guttadvāro hoti. Bhojane mattaññū hoti. Jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti. Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
Kathañca [PTS Page 355] [\q 355/] mahānāma ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti: idha mahānāma ariyasāvako sīlavā hoti. Pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, evaṃ kho mahānāma ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti.
Kathañca mahānāma ariyasāvako indriyesu guttadvāro hoti: idha mahānāma ariyasāvako cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ. Tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.
Sotena saddaṃ sutvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī, yatvādhikaraṇametaṃ sotindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhā domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati sotindriyaṃ, sotindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.
Ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī, yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ ghānindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhā domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati ghānindriyaṃ, ghānindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.
Jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī, yatvādhikaraṇametaṃ jivhindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhā domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati jivhindriyaṃ, jivhindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.
Kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phūsitvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī, yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ kāyindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhā domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati kāyindriyaṃ, kāyindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.
Manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī, yatvādhikaraṇametaṃ manendriyaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhā domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvaraṃ paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Evaṃ kho mahānāma ariyasāvako indriyesu guttadvāro hoti.
Kathañca mahānāma ariyasāvako bhojane mattaññū hoti: idha mahānāma ariyasāvako paṭisaṅkhāyoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti, neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya, vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya. Iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi. Navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cāti. Evaṃ kho mahānāma ariyasāvako bhojane mattaññū hoti.
Kathañca mahānāma ariyasāvako jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti: idha mahānāma ariyasāvako divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti, rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti, rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasikaritvā. Rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Evaṃ kho mahānāma ariyasāvako jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti.
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Kathañca mahānāma [PTS Page 356] [\q 356/] ariyasāvako sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti: idha mahānāma ariyasāvako saddho hoti. Saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ."Itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā"ti. Hirimā hoti. Hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena. Hirīyati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā. Ottāpī hoti, ottappati1 kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena. Ottappati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā. Bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthā sabyañjanā kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti. Tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhatā2 vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā. Āraddhaviriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Satimā hoti paramena satinepakkena samannāgato. Cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammādukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Evaṃ kho mahānāma ariyasāvako sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti.
Kathañca mahānāma ariyasāvako catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ3 diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, idha mahānāma ariyasāvako vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati.Sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti.Yantaṃ ariyā ācikkhanti: upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti taṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā1 adukkhaṃ asukhaṃ2 upekkhāsati pārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ3 upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho mahānāma ariyasāvako catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ3 diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
Yato kho mahānāma ariyasāvako evaṃ sīlasampanno hoti. Evaṃ indriyesu guttadvāro hoti. Evaṃ bhojane mattaññū hoti, evaṃ jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Evaṃ sattahi saddhammehi [PTS Page 357] [\q 357/] samannāgato hoti. Evaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī, akasiralābhī. Ayaṃ vuccati mahānāma ariyasāvako sekho pāṭipado4 apuccaṇḍatāya samāpanno bhabbo abhinibhidāya bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
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1. Ottapati-sīmu,syā. 2 Dhātā-machasaṃ, 3. Abhicetasikānaṃ-sīmu 4. Paṭipado-syā.
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Seyyathāpi mahānāma kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā, tānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni sammā pariseditāni sammā paribhāvitāni, kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya: aho vatime kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāḷetvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyu’nti. Atha kho bhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāḷetvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjituṃ. Evameva kho mahānāma yato ariyasāvako evaṃ sīlasampanno hoti, evaṃ indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, evaṃ bhojane mattaññū hoti, evaṃ jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti, evaṃ sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, evaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī. Ayaṃ vuccati mahānāma ariyasāvako sekho pāṭipado apuccaṇḍatāya samāpanno bhabbo abhinibhidāya bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
Sa kho so mahānāma ariyasāvako imaṃyeva anuttaraṃ upekkhāsati pārisuddhiṃ āgamma anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathīdaṃ: ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo, tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsatimpi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattārīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe amutrāsiṃ evannāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ5 tatrāpāsiṃ evannāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Ayamassa paṭhamā’bhinibhidā hoti kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhā.
Sa kho so mahānāma ariyasāvako imaṃyeva anuttaraṃ upekkhāsati pārisuddhiṃ āgamma dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne, hine paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti. Ayamassa dutiyā’bhinibhidā hoti kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhā.
Sa kho so mahānāma ariyasāvako imaṃyeva anuttaraṃ upekkhā satipārisuddhiṃ āgamma āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā [PTS Page 358] [\q 358/] upasampajja viharati ayamassa tatiyā’bhinibhidā hoti kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhā.
Yampi kho1 mahānāma ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ. Yampi mahānāma ariyasāvako indriyesu guttadvāro hoti idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ. Yampi mahānāma ariyasāvako bhojane mattaññū hoti idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ. Yampi mahānāma ariyasāvako jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ. Yampi mahānāma ariyasāvako sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ. Yampi mahānāma ariyasāvako catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
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1. Yampi-machasaṃ, syā.
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Yampi kho mahānāma ariyasāvako anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathīdaṃ: ekampi jātiṃ, dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsatimpi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattārīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe amutrāsiṃ evannāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ5 tatrāpāsiṃ evannāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Idampissa hoti vijjāya. Yampi mahānāma ariyasāvako dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne, hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate - yathākammūpage satte pajānāti, idampissa hoti vijjāya. Yampi mahānāma ariyasāvako āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati, idampissa hoti vijjāya. Ayaṃ vuccati mahānāma ariyasāvako vijjāsampanno itipi, caraṇasampanno itipi, vijjācaraṇasampanno itipi, brahmunā kho panesā1 mahānāma sanaṅkumārena gāthā bhāsitā.
Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ ye gottapaṭisārino,
Vijjācaraṇasampanno so seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
Sā kho panesā mahānāma brahmunā sanaṅkumārena gāthā sugītā na duggītā, subhāsitā na dubbhāsitā, atthasaṃhitā no anatthasaṃhitā anumatā bhagavatāti.
Atha kho bhagavā uṭṭhahitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi: sādhu sādhu ānanda, sādhu kho tvaṃ ānanda kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ sekhaṃ pāṭipadaṃ abhāsīti.
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Idamavocāyasmā ānando. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Attamanā kāpilavatthavā sakyā āyasmato ānandassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandu’nti.
Sekhasuttaṃ tatiyaṃ.
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1. Brahmunā pesā-machasaṃ,syā.